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Friday 12 August 2016
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Ostwald Ripening: A Synthetic Approach for Hollow Nanomaterials
Author(s):
Hua Chun ZengPages 177-181 (5)
Abstract:
Fabrication of nanomaterials with hollow interiors is an important research area in nanoresearch, owing to their potential applications in photonic devices, drug delivery, material encapsulation, ionic intercalation, surface functionalization, nanocatalysts, membrane nanoreactors, and many other technologies. The common preparative methods for this new class of materials can be broadly divided into hard and soft template-assisted syntheses. In recent years, furthermore, the interest in template-free techniques for these materials has also increased, as the new processes involved in these techniques are relatively simple and less demanding, compared to the template-assisted processes. In this short review, we will introduce the application of a well-known physical phenomenon of crystal growth - Ostwald ripening - in the fabrication of hollow nanomaterials. It has been demonstrated that formation of the interior spaces of nanostructures depends on the aggregative states of the primary crystallites during the synthesis. With this new development, many inorganic nanomaterials with interior spaces can now be fabricated in solution media together with the materials synthesis. Different types of Ostwald ripening observed in this synthetic approach have been reviewed. In particular, various geometric structures and configurations prepared with these methods have been discussed. The prepared hollow materials also allow further compositional and structural modifications under the similar process conditions. Future directions in this research area are also discussed.
Keywords:
Polyhedral Hollow Structures, transition metal oxide, nanocrystallites, nanospheres, Asymmetric Ostwald ripening
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260.
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Synthesis of Morphology-Controlled Titania Nanocrystals and Application for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Author(s):
Motonari Adachi, Jinting Jiu and Seiji IsodaPages 285-295 (11)
Abstract:
Development of renewable energy resources in the near future is an urgent issue. One attractive strategy is the development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs); they are extremely promising, because they are made of low-cost materials and do not need elaborate apparatus to manufacture. Titania is the most promising material for the electrode of DSSCs, and then morphological control and carrier transport optimization are the key properties needed in titanium oxide materials for DSSCs. We review the formation procedures and characteristics of titanium oxide nanocrystalline products, which exhibit various morphological shapes in nanometer scale, i. e., nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires and nanosheets, and their arrays. We also present new findings in our laboratory on the formation of titania nanorods and network structures of single-crystal-like titania nanowires as well as their application for DSSCs. In order to evaluate the electrical properties of DSSCs with electrodes composed of various nanoscale titania materials, measurement procedures for electron transport processes in DSSCs are also reviewed, together with our results in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine various parameters concerning about electron transport.
Keywords:
Titanium oxide, nanorod, nanowire, dye-sensitized solar cells, morphology-control, electron transport
Affiliation:
Doshisha University, Research Center of Interfacial Phenomena, Faculty of Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakotani Tatara, Kyotanabe 610-0321, Japan.
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Novel Iron-oxide Catalyzed CNT Formation on Semiconductor Silicon Nanowire
Author(s):
Tijjani Adam and U. HashimPages 695-699 (5)
Abstract:
An aqueous ferric nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3.9H2O) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were mixed and deposited on silicon nanowires (SiNWs), the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) formed by the concentration of Fe3O4/MgO catalysts with the mole ratio set at 0.15:9.85 and 600°C had diameter between 15.23 to 90nm with high-density distribution of CNT while those with the mole ratio set at 0.45:9.55 and 730°C had diameter of 100 to 230nm. The UV/Vis/NIR and FT-IR spectroscopes clearly confirmed the presence of the silicon-CNTs hybrid structure. UV/Vis/NIR, FT-IR spectra and FESEM images confirmed the silicon-CNT structure exists with diameters ranging between 15-230nm. Thus, the study demonstrated cost effective method of silicon-CNT composite nanowire formation via Iron-oxide Catalyze synthesis.
Keywords:
High-density, hybrid structure, iron-oxide catalyze, SiNWs, silicon-CNT structure.
Affiliation:
Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
Graphical Abstract:
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Effect of Morphology of Co3O4 for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Author(s):
Qi-Zhi Xu, Yu-Zhi Su, Hao Wu, Hui Cheng, Yun-Ping Guo, Nan Li and Zhao-Qing LiuPages 107-112 (6)
Abstract:
In this paper, three different morphological Co3O4 electrodes for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been synthesized. By comparing the three morphologies of Co3O4, the electrocatalytic properties show that the urchin-like spheres of Co3O4 electrode has relative low overpotential and good electrocatalysis stability, indicating that the structure of urchin-like Co3O4 spheres exhibit an easy OER for water splitting.
Keywords:
Co3O4, hydrothermal method, oxygen evolution reaction, sol-gel autocombustion method, solution method, urchinlike sphere.
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Environmentally Functional Materials and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Graphical Abstract:
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Silica Optical Fibers Doped with Nanoparticles for Fiber Lasers and Broadband Sources
Author(s):
Ivan Kasik, Pavel Peterka, Jan Mrazek and Pavel HonzatkoPages 277-290 (14)
Abstract:
We present a review on recent progress in the research and development of nanoparticlecontaining optical fibers for high-power fiber lasers, amplifiers, and ASE sources. Attention has been focused on rare-earth-doped silica fibers with nanoparticles in the core. Progress in materials, technologies, characterization techniques, and achievements has been summarized. Materials of active fibers based on yttrium-aluminium silicates, mullite, protoenstatite, and phosphates doped with Er3+, Yb 3+, Eu3+, and Tm3+ have been reviewed. The material research in this field has been systematically investigated by research groups from ORC Southampton, CGCRI Kolkata, LPMC Nice together with CNR-IOM-OGG Grenoble, nLIGHT (formerly Liekki), and IPE Prague since 2007. The best slope efficiency achieved with Yb –doped nanoparticle-containing fiber was in the range of 70-80 %.
Keywords:
Ceramics, fiber laser, nanocrystal, nanoparticle, optical fiber, rare-earth, silica.
Affiliation:
Institute of Photonics and Electronics, CAS, Chaberska 57, Prague 8, 18251, Czech Republic.
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